TESS Observations

TESS observes the sky in sectors measuring 24° x 96°.  Each sector is observed for two orbits of the satellite around the Earth, or about 27 days on average. The field-of-view is oriented along a line of ecliptic longitude with the instrument boresight generally pointing at ±54° ecliptic latitude, which centers Camera 4 on an ecliptic pole.  By orienting the fields in this way, a 24° diameter region centered on the ecliptic pole can be observed for nearly a full year. During certain sectors in Year 2 and 4, the instrument boresight is pointed at +85° to avoid excessive scattered light in cameras 1 and 2. Because the fields-of-view are shifted north along a line of ecliptic longitude, the region near the ecliptic pole is still observed continuously.

During Year 1 of the mission (July 2018-July 2019), the southern ecliptic hemisphere was observed. During Year 2 of the mission (July 2019-July 2020), the northern hemisphere was observed. During Year 3 of the mission (July 2020-July 2021), the southern ecliptic hemisphere is being re-observed. During Year 4 (July 2021-September 2022; 16 sectors), parts of the northern ecliptic hemisphere will be re-observed, and a 240° swath of the ecliptic will be observed for the first time. During Year 5, the northern hemisphere survey will be completed and a new southern survey will begin. Details of the observations during the first 5 years of the mission, including spacecraft pointings, can be found below.

Precise Observation Times

The timing of TESS observations and ground contacts can be found in the TESS Operations Calendar. At each perigee, there are two LAHO (low-altitude housekeeping operations) contacts.  Science observations stop 10 minutes before the beginning of the first LAHO and resume 5 minutes before the end of the second LAHO.  The times of LAHO contacts are generally determined 3 months in advance.  The times of LAHO contacts can change, although this happens relatively rarely.

A .csv file that contains the accurate start and stop times of past orbits and sectors, along with predicted start and stop times for the next few sectors, can be found here.

Target Lists

The lists of targets observed at two-minute cadence can be found on the Target Lists page. The pages for individual sectors can be reached using the pull-down menu under Observations.

Overlay of Year 1-4x pointings in ecliptic coordinates (upper image) and celestial coordinates (lower image).  Maps for individual years and individual ecliptic sectors are shown below.

Current Status

TESS is in Orbit 111, Sector 52.  Observations of Sector 52 will continue through June 12, 2022.

The average observing time per sector is in a local minimum, with actual observing times below 12 days per orbit; orbit times will begin increasing after orbit 112.

Observations of Two-Minute Cadence Targets through Sector 46

The images below are plots of all targets observed at two-minute cadence through Sector 46: at left, in celestial coordinates, and at right, in ecliptic coordinates. The dots are color-coded to indicate the number of sectors each target was observed.

Year 2

Observations during Year 2 comprised Sectors 14-26. During Year 2, the northern ecliptic hemisphere was observed. During sectors 17-23, the instrument boresight was pointed at +54° ecliptic latitude. During Sectors 14-16 and 24-26, the boresight was pointed at +85° ecliptic latitude, to avoid excessive contamination by stray Earth- and moonlight in cameras 1 and 2 in the nominal +54° orientation.

Year 3

Observations during Year 3 comprised Sectors 27-39. During Year 3, the southern ecliptic hemisphere was re-observed.  For each of these sectors, the instrument boresight was pointed at an ecliptic declination of -54°.

Year 4

Observations during Year 4 comprises Sectors 40-55.  In contrast to Years 1-3, Year 4 comprises 16 observing sectors.  Year 4 began with Sectors 40-41 in the Northern hemisphere, pointings roughly equivalent to those of Sectors 14 and 15, at an ecliptic latitude of +85°. In Sectors 42-46, the spacecraft was rotated by 90° in order to observe the ecliptic.  Sectors 47-55 are Northern hemisphere pointings at ecliptic latitude of +54°, with Sectors 52 and 53 shifted north to +85° to avoid scattered light in cameras 1 and 2.

Year 5

Observations during Year 5 comprises Sectors 56-69.  During Year 5, the second scan of the Northern ecliptic hemisphere will be completed (Sectors 56-60), and a new scan of the Southern hemisphere will begin (Sectors 61-69).  The ecliptic latitude at which the spacecraft boresight is pointed will be shifted by 1.5° and the instrument field-of-view will be rotated by 1.5° in order that regions of the sky not covered in the first four years of the mission can be observed (these regions are caused by the gaps between CCDs in each camera, and they are most prominently seen at 18° and 54° latitude and at the ecliptic poles).